Articles

Excerpt: It has been years since we talked about passwords in this column. While passwords seem a bit old school, they are still what most people, including lawyers, use to gain access to protected networks and data. As Verizon’s 2018 Data Breach Investigations Report noted, “Eighty-one percent of hacking-related breaches leveraged stolen and/or weak passwords.” Clearly, passwords are not serving law firm security well. Recently, we have seen multi-factor authentication (MFA) adopted more widely, but at a tortoise pace.

Based on the questions we get from audiences at CLES, there is now a fairly burning interest in upping security in law firms – and that’s a very good thing. Let’s start at the beginning with concepts that are sure to be new to some readers.

Fair warning: This is a good time to get a cup of strong coffee.

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Excerpt: Lawyers must follow the duty of communication required by Rule 1.4 of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which requires lawyers to communicate regularly with clients and to keep clients reasonably apprised of their cases. Following a disaster, a lawyer must evaluate available methods to maintain communication with clients. The opinion instructs that lawyers should keep electronic lists of current clients in a manner that is “easily accessible.” Most lawyers have taken that to mean that the lists should be stored in the cloud so they can access them from an internet connection anywhere.

Lawyers should pay attention to the duty of competency, Rule 1.1, which includes a technology clause that requires lawyers to consider the benefits and risks of relevant technology. Because a disaster can destroy lawyers’ paper files, lawyers “must evaluate in advance storing files electronically” so that they can access those files after a disaster. Storing client files through cloud technology requires lawyers to consider confidentiality obligations. Again, the opinion has been read by lawyers to encourage cloud storage.

With a little due diligence, this should not present much of a problem. We constantly encourage lawyers to keep backups in the cloud. It is prudent to have a local backup, but the cloud provides additional security. As we learned from Katrina, having a backup at the office and one at home a mile away is not sufficiently protecting confidential data.

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Excerpt: Several years ago, a Canadian attorney and good friend of ours, invested $10,000 in bitcoin when it was dirt cheap – several hundred per bitcoin. Clearly, he is a lot smarter than us. We can’t even imagine the extent of his profit – the price of bitcoin has been all over the map. It hit an all-time high of $19,343.04 on December 16, 2017. We’re not sure if our friend cashed out, but we suspect he is still holding on to at least part of his “stash” of bitcoins. As of November 15, 2018, one bitcoin is worth $5,465. That’s quite a drop in eleven months.

We become aware of bitcoin wallets a few years ago, as husbands (mostly) began to hide assets from their soon-to-be ex-wives in those wallets. And then came a barrage of ransomware attacks. Law firm after law firm was paying the ransom ($300-$500 in the early days and $1500- $3000 today). The cybercriminals usually want the ransom in bitcoin. To our amazement, there are now bitcoin ATMs available in local gas stations and laundromats complete with posted instructions on creating a bitcoin wallet for the Bitcoin novice.

In July of last year, there were reports of a Citrix UK study which found that a third of UK companies were stockpiling digital currency, mostly in bitcoins, to pay the ransom (an average of approximately $176,000) if they became victims of a ransomware attack. 1

Why talk about Bitcoin when the title of this article references blockchain? Because Bitcoin rides on blockchain technology – that is the technology that powers Bitcoin – along with all the other cryptocurrencies.

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Excerpt: Bitcoins are digital currency – and yes, lawyers are beginning to accept them from clients. They are also known as virtual currency or cryptocurrency since cryptography is used to control the creation and transfer of bitcoins. They use peer-to-peer technology with no central authority or banks. The issuance of bitcoins and the managing of transactions are carried out collectively by the network.

Cryptocurrencies are created by a process called mining – by becoming a miner of cryptocurrencies, you make money (not much unless you are a major league miner). We won’t go into all of the technology that is used to create and verify the transactions since it will probably make your head hurt. Mining is accomplished by executing complicated mathematic operations that take a lot of processing power. Hence the new phenomenon of cryptojacking in which miners hijack the computing resources of unknowing victims so they can mine cryptocurrencies. And yes, your network could be victimized and there is little chance you would know unless so much power is used that your network slows down!

Today there are a lot of different cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is still one of the most well-known and popular. However, other cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Monero, Litecoin, Ripple, Dash, and others are gaining in popularity. They promise to scale better than Bitcoin and to provide stronger anonymous protections. As of April 26, 2018, the amazing number of different cryptocurrencies is 1,759 according to investing.com’s current list located at https://www.investing.com/crypto/currencies. With all the various “flavors” of digital currencies, we’re sure you’ll find one to your liking.

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Excerpt: It was more than a year ago that the 3,600-lawyer global megafirm DLA Piper was brought to its knees by a data breach in June of 2017. One of the questions we hear most often when we lecture is, “If DLA Piper can be breached, how do the rest of us stand a chance of preventing a data breach?”

It’s a valid question. The reaction last year varied with the size of the law firm. Larger law firms focused a lot on purchasing or increasing their cyberinsurance coverage after the DLA Piper story made the headlines. They also amped up their security measures, and pried open their wallets to create stronger defense-in-depth strategies.

The smaller firms also began spending more money on cybersecurity, many of them now awakened to the dangers of a breach. From our foxhole, small to mid-size firms particularly began to focus on employee cybersecurity awareness training, newly aware that their greatest asset (their employees) is also their greatest risk. Since 2017, cybersecurity awareness training has been the CLE that we have most often been asked to present.

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Excerpt: Pete Banham, cyber resilience expert at Mimecast, commented: “Microsoft Office 365 was hit with major downtime on Friday, with customers around the world unable to access their services or admin portals. An operational dependency on the Microsoft environment creates business risks that need be addressed.” He went on to say that entities need to consider a cyber resilience strategy to allow them to recover from such an outage.

To Microsoft’s credit, it announced later the same day that it had fixed the authentication problem. Certainly, it didn’t solve the PR problem emanating from all the users who couldn’t login.

That certainly made us wonder how long an American law firm would be able to tolerate an Office 365 outage. This is an unsettling thought to many law firms which never thought about Office 365 being unavailable to them.

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Excerpt: Sadly, your greatest asset – your employees – are also the greatest threat to your cybersecurity. We know this because we regularly see data breaches and ransomware infections caused by click-happy employees. You also have rogue employees determined to use their own devices, go where they want on the Internet, irrespective of firm policies. When we train them, they tell us that they are scared – and you know what? That means we did our job. One of the great fallacies that employees believe is sometimes called “The IT Shepherd” – they simply have faith that the flock (employees) is protected no matter what they do by the shepherd (technology). You need to make them understand that no technological defenses are ironclad.

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Excerpt: Backup is an essential operation for every law firm – and yet, often poorly understood. Having an adequate backup is implicit in the ABA Model Rules for Professional Conduct and their state counterparts, as any legal ethicist will tell you. One of the lawyer’s duties is to competently represent clients. How can you do that if your case files and communications are lost? You could have a hardware failure of your server or a disk crash. What if your cloud provider shut its doors, rendering client data inaccessible? Perhaps your laptop is stolen from your vehicle with client data for a pending matter. There are all kinds of situations where you could lose data or not be able to access it. That is where your backup comes into play. Should you have a catastrophe, you would restore data from your backup and be back in business.

A local backup is also a necessity if you use cloud services and your Internet connection goes down. You could certainly take your laptop to a public open Wi-Fi and get to your data that way, but having a local backup of your data is a good idea too. It gives you a safety net should something catastrophic happen to your cloud provider.

Read the entire article here.

Excerpt: Several years ago, a Canadian attorney and good friend of ours, invested $10,000 in bitcoin. Clearly, he is a lot smarter than us. We can’t even imagine the extent of his profit – the price of bitcoin has been all over the map. It hit an all-time high of $19,343.04 on December 16, 2017. We’re not sure if our friend cashed out, but we suspect he is still holding on to his “stash” of bitcoins. As of May 6, 2018, one bitcoin is worth $9,901. That’s quite a drop in less than six months.

We become aware of bitcoin wallets a few years ago, as husbands (mostly) began to hide assets from their soon-to-be ex-wives in those wallets. And then came a barrage of ransomware attacks. Law firm after law firm was paying the ransom ($300-$500 in the early days and $1500- $3000 today). The cybercriminals usually want the ransom in bitcoin. To our amazement, there are now bitcoin ATMs available in local gas stations and laundromats complete with posted instructions on creating a bitcoin wallet for the Bitcoin novice.

In July of last year, there were reports of a Citrix UK study which found that a third of UK companies were stockpiling digital currency, mostly in bitcoins, to pay the ransom (an average of approximately $176,000) if they became victims of a ransomware attack.

At the 2017 ILTACON conference, artificial intelligence wasn’t quite kicked to the curb, but the buzz around blockchain became very loud indeed. In the last several months, it has become increasingly clear that blockchain is a transformative technology that is going to make substantial changes in the practice of law.

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Excerpt: Well, it’s finally here. In the fall of 2017, a vulnerability in WPA2 wireless encryption was discovered. Known as the Krack Attack, the flaw impacts every implementation of WPA2. The manufacturers needed to provide a patch update to fix the flaw. The Wi-Fi Alliance has now announced the availability of the WPA3 standard (to be implemented in certified devices starting later this year), vastly improving security over WPA2, which has been around for over 15 years and should be the current WiFi encryption of choice. WPA3 provides a new security protocol that contains improvements in terms of configuration, authentication and encryption. Just like WPA2, WPA3 will be available in personal and enterprise versions.

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